Glaucoma

What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a serious eye condition where increased pressure inside the eye (known as intraocular pressure) can cause permanent damage to the optic nerve. This can lead to a gradual loss of peripheral vision, often referred to as tunnel vision. If left untreated, glaucoma can also impact central vision, potentially leading to blindness. The most common form, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, is often called “the silent thief of sight” because it progresses without any noticeable symptoms until significant, irreversible vision loss has occurred. In Ireland, approximately 3% of people over the age of 50 are affected by glaucoma.

What Causes Glaucoma?
In most cases, glaucoma results from an imbalance between the production and drainage of the eye’s natural fluid, leading to increased intraocular pressure. While this pressure is the main risk factor, other factors include age, family history, and underlying conditions like nearsightedness, diabetes, or high blood pressure. Occasionally, glaucoma can also be triggered by eye injuries or inflammation.

What Are the Symptoms of Glaucoma?
In the early stages, glaucoma presents no symptoms. As it progresses, peripheral vision may start to diminish, which can go unnoticed until the disease is advanced. In rare cases, a type called acute glaucoma occurs, where a sudden spike in eye pressure causes blurred vision, severe eye pain, headaches, and nausea—requiring immediate medical attention.

How is Glaucoma Treated?
The primary goal in treating glaucoma is to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Most patients manage the condition with prescription eye drops, which either reduce the amount of fluid produced by the eye or improve its drainage. For some, a painless laser procedure called selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) can help increase fluid drainage. In more advanced cases, surgery may be necessary to create a new drainage channel in the eye. Our specialist, Mr. Agrawal, is highly trained in performing these procedures and will provide expert guidance on the best treatment options for you.

By detecting and treating glaucoma early, we can help preserve your vision and protect your quality of life.